《蜀道难》注释及翻译

《蜀道难》是唐代诗人李白创作的一首七言古诗，描写了古代蜀道险峻、艰难的壮丽景观，同时也蕴含了诗人对人生挑战的思考。下面将对《蜀道难》进行逐句注释及翻译。

1. 蜀道之难，难于上青天：蜀道指的是古代连接蜀地和中原的交通要道。作者通过“难于上青天”来形容蜀道之险峻、难以逾越之处。

Translation: The difficulty of the Sichuan road is as hard as ascending to the blue sky.

2. 蠶叢及魚鳧，開國何茫然：蠶叢和魚鳧是两处地形险要，开国之事已经模糊不清。

Translation: Amidst mulberry bushes and on precipitous cliffs, the founding of the nation seems so distant now.

3. 尔来四万八千岁，不与秦塞通人烟：到了这里已经是48000年，与秦塞间没有人烟通达。

Translation: After traveling for fortyeight thousand years, no sign of human habitation from Qin to here.

4. 西当太白有鸟道，可以横绝峨眉巅：太白山西面有一条通往蜀地的“鸟道”，可横跨峨眉山巅。

Translation: To the west of Mount Taibai, there is a bird path that can cross the summit of Mount Emei.

5. 地崩山摧壮士死，然后万里共咸秦：这里地崩山崩，壮士死去，然后才通向汉中平原。

Translation: As the land crumbles and the mountains collapse, brave men sacrifice their lives, before finally reaching the fertile plains of Hanzhong.

6. 出能制吴绵雍戍，出能晋升宣和泰：自此往来于吴地绵州和雍地戍州；也可由这里去晋地升州和宣地和州。

Translation: From here one can travel to the Wu region, Mianzhou, and Yongzhou; one can also travel to Jinxingzhou and Xuanhetai from here.

7. 蓬莱文章建安骨，中间小谢沟津流：蓬莱山中传世名篇文章，见证了建安时代的豪杰气概，小溪如谢、沟通水路。

Translation: In the midst of Penglai, there are literary works and the spirit of the heroes from the Jianan period, with streams flowing through the Xie and Gou valleys.

8. 云峰若到江南地，应接舆摄五城烟：如果云峰能够到达江南，就能看到坐落在江南的五座城市被云雾环绕。

Translation: If the clouds and peaks reach the land of Jiangnan, they will greet the smoke from the five cities.

9. 故道熊峨王屋津，五溪信口聚神仙：熊峨山下有王屋津古道，五条溪流汇聚在此处，堪为仙人聚会之地。

Translation: Along the ancient path from Xionger and Wangwu ferry, where five streams converge, immortals gather by word of mouth.

10. 慨当以慷忿忡忡，对此如何不泪垂：读到这，心情激动、忧愤交集，怎能不流下泪来呢？

Translation: How can one not shed tears when feeling so indignant and sorrowful?

《蜀道难》以壮美的诗境描绘了古代蜀道的险峻和艰难，寄寓了诗人对人生困境的思考。通过对诗句的注释和翻译，我们更能领略到李白的诗意表达和境界深远的思想内涵。